Matching Headings
0/4 questions answered
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Đăng nhậpLearning objective
After this lesson you can choose the heading that describes the whole paragraph instead of one attractive detail.
Mini lesson
Matching Headings tests the main idea of each paragraph. There are always more headings than paragraphs, so some headings are never used. A heading that repeats one small detail is usually a trap.
Strategy
- 1.Read the paragraph quickly and say the main idea to yourself in a few words.
- 2.Only then look at the list of headings and find the closest match.
- 3.Check the first and last sentence: the main idea is often there.
- 4.Reject headings that describe only one example or number in the paragraph.
- 5.If two headings look possible, decide which one covers the whole paragraph.
- 6.Answer the easy paragraphs first and cross out headings you have used.
Example
A paragraph explains that a company tested three designs and kept the cheapest. The heading 'The cost of a new factory' matches only one detail; 'Choosing between competing designs' covers the whole paragraph.
Practice
Reading passage
Rooftop farming
AGrowing food on roofs is not a new idea, but in the last fifteen years it has moved from small private gardens to commercial production. Warehouses, supermarkets and even hospitals now lease their flat roofs to growers who supply vegetables to shops a few streets away.
BThe main practical problem is weight. Wet soil is heavy, and few older buildings were designed to carry it. Engineers therefore use lightweight growing media made of volcanic rock or coconut fibre, and they place the deepest beds directly above supporting walls.
CThe financial case depends on what is grown. Salad leaves and herbs are light, grow quickly and lose value within a day of harvest, so a rooftop farm minutes from the customer can charge a premium. Potatoes and cereals, which travel well and sell cheaply, make no economic sense on a roof.
DCities gain in ways that do not appear on the grower's balance sheet. A planted roof absorbs rainwater that would otherwise rush into drains during a storm, and it keeps the floor below noticeably cooler in summer, which lowers the cost of air conditioning.
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Questions 1-4: Choose the correct heading for each paragraph.
Paragraph A
Paragraph B
Paragraph C
Paragraph D
Useful vocabulary
lease
to rent something for a period of time
Supermarkets lease their roofs to growers.
premium
a higher price than usual
Fresh herbs can charge a premium.
absorb
to take in liquid
A planted roof absorbs rainwater.